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– Start

一个简单的例子

package shangbo.spring.transaction.jdbc.annotation;public class Job {	private String jobId;	private String jobTitle;	private Integer minSalary;	private Integer maxSalary;	public String getJobId() {		return jobId;	}	public void setJobId(String jobId) {		this.jobId = jobId;	}	public String getJobTitle() {		return jobTitle;	}	public void setJobTitle(String jobTitle) {		this.jobTitle = jobTitle;	}	public Integer getMinSalary() {		return minSalary;	}	public void setMinSalary(Integer minSalary) {		this.minSalary = minSalary;	}	public Integer getMaxSalary() {		return maxSalary;	}	public void setMaxSalary(Integer maxSalary) {		this.maxSalary = maxSalary;	}	public String toString() {		return "Job[jobId=" + jobId + ", jobTitle=" + jobTitle + ", minSalary=" + minSalary + ", maxSalary=" + maxSalary + "]";	}}

package shangbo.spring.transaction.jdbc.annotation;import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;public interface BusinessService {	Job getJob(String jobId);	void insertJob(Job job) throws Exception;	void updateJob(Job job) throws Exception;	void setDataSource(BasicDataSource dataSource);}

package shangbo.spring.transaction.jdbc.annotation;import java.sql.ResultSet;import java.sql.SQLException;import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;public class DefaultBusinessService implements BusinessService {	private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;	@Transactional(readOnly = true)	public Job getJob(String jobId) {		String sql = "SELECT * FROM HR.JOBS WHERE JOB_ID = ?";		return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new JobRowMapper(), jobId);	}	@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)	public void updateJob(Job job) throws Exception {		String sql = "UPDATE HR.JOBS SET JOB_TITLE=?, MIN_SALARY = ?, MAX_SALARY = ? WHERE JOB_ID = ?";		jdbcTemplate.update(sql, job.getJobTitle(), job.getMinSalary(), job.getMaxSalary(), job.getJobId());		// 测试回滚		// throw new Exception("test");	}	@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)	public void insertJob(Job job) throws Exception {		String sql = "INSERT INTO HR.JOBS VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)";		jdbcTemplate.update(sql, job.getJobId(), job.getJobTitle(), job.getMinSalary(), job.getMaxSalary());		// 测试回滚		// throw new Exception("test");	}	public void setDataSource(BasicDataSource dataSource) {		this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);	}	private static class JobRowMapper implements RowMapper
   
     {		public Job mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {			Job job = new Job();			job.setJobId(rs.getString(1));			job.setJobTitle(rs.getString(2));			job.setMinSalary(rs.getInt(3));			job.setMaxSalary(rs.getInt(4));			return job;		}	}}
   

package shangbo.spring.transaction.jdbc.annotation;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;public class App {	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {		// 实例化 Spring IoC 容器		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("example.xml", BusinessService.class);		// 从容器中获得 BusinessService 的实例		BusinessService service = context.getBean(BusinessService.class);		// 使用 BusinessService		// 插入 job		Job job = newJob();		// service.insertJob(job);		// 更新 job		service.updateJob(job);		// 查询 job		System.out.println(service.getJob("IT"));	}	private static Job newJob() {		Job job = new Job();		job.setJobId("IT");		job.setJobTitle("IT Engineer");		job.setMinSalary(2);		job.setMaxSalary(100000);		return job;	}}

Spring 事务

从这个例子可以看到，使用 Spring 事务非常简单，其实，Spring 本身并不提供事务功能，Spring 只是对其他提供事务的技术进行了封装，提供了一个统一的使用方式，Spring 支持如下事务。

DataSourceTransactionManager – 对 JDBC 事务封装

HibernateTransactionManager – 对 Hibernate 事务封装

JpaTransactionManager – 对 JPA(Java Persistence API) 事务封装

JdoTransactionManager – 对 JDO(Java Data Objects) 事务封装

JtaTransactionManager – 对 JTA(Java Transaction API) 事务封装

JmsTransactionManager – 对 JMS(Java Message Service) 事务封装

CciLocalTransactionManager – 对 CCI(Common Client Interface) 事务封装

如果你需要在一个事务中同步多个资源，如：同时操作数据库和 JMS，你需要使用 JTA 事务，但是 JTA 事务需要应用服务器的支持，如 Weblogic， WebSphere， JBoss 等，不过现在的程序很少使用应用服务器了，如果你还有这方面的需求，你可以使用独立的事务产品， 如：JOTM，atomikos

事务设置

@Transactional 支持如下属性，允许我们对事务进行设置。

value – 指定事务管理器，配置了多个事务管理器时使用。

propagation – 事务传播属性

isolation – 事务隔离级别

readOnly – 是否为只读属性，查询时，我们可以设置 readOnly=true

timeout – 事务超时

rollbackFor – 指定需要回滚的异常类，特别注意默认只有 Error 和 RuntimeException 时自动回滚

rollbackForClassName – 指定需要回滚的异常类名

noRollbackFor – 指定不需要回滚的异常类

noRollbackForClassName – 指定不需要回滚的异常类名

配置多个事务管理器

public class TransactionalService {    @Transactional("order")    public void setSomething(String name) { ... }    @Transactional("account")    public void doSomething() { ... }}
   
   
    	...	
    
   
   
    	...	
    
   

注意

在 Spring 事务中，我们需要通过 Spring 提供了类(如：JdbcTemplate)访问数据库，如果你需要获取数据库连接自己访问数据库，我们不能通过 dataSource.getConnection()，而是需要通过 DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource)获取数据库连接。

JDBC DataSourceUtils

JPA EntityManagerFactoryUtils

Hibernate SessionFactoryUtils

JDO PersistenceManagerFactoryUtils

Java 配置例子

package shangbo.spring.transaction.jdbc.annotation2;import javax.sql.DataSource;import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;@Configuration@EnableTransactionManagement // 开启事务管理public class AppConfig {		@Bean	public BasicDataSource dataSource() {		BasicDataSource dataSource = new BasicDataSource();		dataSource.setDriverClassName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");		dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe");		dataSource.setUsername("hr");		dataSource.setPassword("123456");				return dataSource;	}		@Bean	public DataSourceTransactionManager txManager(DataSource dataSource) {		DataSourceTransactionManager txManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager();		txManager.setDataSource(dataSource);				return txManager;	}		@Bean	public BusinessService businessService(DataSource dataSource) {		BusinessService businessService = new DefaultBusinessService();		businessService.setDataSource(dataSource);				return businessService;	}	}

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